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National Library of Brazil
The Biblioteca Nacional do Brasil (in English ''National Library of Brazil'') is the depository of the bibliographic and documentary heritage of Brazil. It is located in Rio de Janeiro, at Cinelândia square.
The largest library in Latin America and the 7th largest in the world, its collections include about 9 million items.〔(Fundação Biblioteca Nacional )〕 It organized the first library science courses in Latin America and its staff has led the modernization of library services, including the development of online databases.〔Murray, Stuart A. P. “The Library: An Illustrated History.” New York, NY: Skyhorse Publishing, 2012, p. 277.〕
==History==
The history of the National Library began on 1 November 1755, when Lisbon suffered a violent earthquake. The Royal Library was considered one of the most important libraries in Europe at that time. This irreparable loss to the Portuguese was the impetus for moving many of its contents to Brazil. The collection was brought in three stages, the first being in 1810 and two in 1811 . The library of 60,000 books was accommodated initially in the upstairs rooms of the Hospital of the Third Order of Carmel (in accordance with the charter of July 27, 1810), located in the old back street of Carmel close to Palace Imperial . The facilities, however, were considered inadequate and could jeopardize valuable collection as well. Therefore, on October 29, 1810, a date that was assigned to the official founding of the National Library, the Prince Regent issued a decree which provided that a royal library should be established from the funds of the royal treasury.〔Murray, S. (2009). The library : an illustrated history / Stuart A.P. Murray ; introduction by Donald G. Davis, Jr. ; foreword by Nicholas A. Basbanes. New York, NY : Skyhorse Pub. ; Chicago : ALA Editions, 2009.〕
In 1911 Manoel Cicero Peregrino da Silva Started a national union catalog for all Brazilian libraries. He set up the first library science course in South America. Many librarians went on to study in European and North American universities.〔Wayne A. Wiegand and and Donald G Davis, Jr., eds, ''Encyclopedia of Library History'' (1994) pp 86=87〕
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